Transporters are transmembrane proteins that act as nature's gatekeeper for cellular entry and exit by facilitating the movement of substances including drugs across cell and organ

Transporters can mediate drug disposition and can be major determinants of the pharmacokinetic, safety and efficacy profiles of drugs. Currently there are more than 400 unique human transporters, and the body of evidence is growing rapidly for their role in DDI, ADMET and early drug discovery. More and more studies show that Inhibition or activation of a specific transporter that involves in the absorption, disposition, metabolism, elimination and toxicity (ADMET) of a drug could have significant clinical effects ranging from lowering drug efficacy to compromising safety, including drug-drug interactions (DDIs) etc. As part of the growing importance of transporters in drug development process, both FDA and EMA reviewers routinely request transporter mediated drug interaction assessment data for seven transporters including Pgp (MDR1), BCRP, OAT1, OAT3,

HD Biosciences uses proprietary knowledge and technologies to overcome the challenges associated with transporter assay development. We have successfully generated various transporter assays targeting not only FDA/EMA’s transporter safety panel but also many

"The recommendations are generally intended to support clinical development and filing of a new drug application. Overall, it is advised that the timing of transporter investigations should be driven by efficacy, safety and clinical trial enrolment questions (for example, exclusion and inclusion criteria), as well as a need for further understanding of the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion properties of the drug molecule,

Monoamine transporters (MATs) are protein structures that function as integral plasma membrane transporters to regulate concentrations of extracellular monoamine neurotransmitters. Three major classes of MATs (SERT, DAT, NET) are responsible for the reuptake of their associated amine neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine). Due to their significance in neuronal signaling, MATs are commonly associated with drugs used to treat mental disorders as well as recreational drugs, a line that can become quite blurred in many cases. Compounds targeting MATs range from medications such as the wide variety of tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine (Prozac) to stimulant medications such as methylphenidate (Ritalin) and amphetamine in its many forms (Adderall, Dexedrine) and derivatives methamphetamine (Desoxyn) and lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse). Furthermore drugs such as MDMA ("ecstasy", "molly") natural alkaloids like cocaine exert their effects

HDB carries a large collection of transporters that covers almost every major family such as cationic amino acid transpoter (ASC1, LAT2 etc), Na/K co-transporter (NKCC1), organic cation/anion/zwitterion transporter (OCT1/2, EMT, PMAT etc), Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter (SNAT1/2 etc). For a full list of functional validated transporters,